Female–female mounting in pumas

Female–female sexual behaviors have been recorded in many species across several taxa, but their infrequency except in a few species has resulted in continued speculation about their function and potential evolutionary consequences. Here, we report two observations of female–female mounting in wild puma populations representing two sub-species from opposite ends of puma range. We believe our observations provided support for the social glue hypothesis and dominance in same-sex hierarchies, but not for surrogacy in the absence of a male or as a means to stimulate and encourage male partners to copulate.