Towards real comparative planetology: Synergies between Solar System science and the DARWIN mission

Understanding the principles that generates Earth’s long-time habitable environment compared with other Solar System bodies like Mercury, Venus, Mars, Titan, requires a space mission like DARWIN which is designed for the spectroscopic characterization of atmospheres and the search for biomarkers in terrestrial exoplanets. In this work, we point out that precursor studies to examine terrestrial exoplanets in terms of their origin, physical characteristics and the evolution of their atmospheres, opens a great opportunity for generations of experienced theoreticians and young scientists in the fields of astrophysics, planetology, atmospheric physics, space plasma physics, magnetospheric physics, solar physics, climate physics, chemistry, biophysics, and biology. We suppose that the synergy of these studies and future discoveries by DARWIN will enhance our knowledge how the Solar System and the biosphere on Earth evolved.