Effect of metabolic inhibitors on entry of exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid into Ca2+-treated Escherichia coli cells.

The effect of various metabolic inhibitors (carbonylcyanid-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, nigericin, valinomycin, dicyclocarbodiimide, arsenate, NaF, etc.) and lipid-soluble synthetic ions (tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and tetraphenylboron sodium) on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) entry during transformation of Ca2+-treated Escherichia coli cells with plasmid DNA and on cell viability was investigated. In contrast to intact cells, Ca2+-treated E. coli cells were permeable to nigericin, valinomycin, and the other drugs tested. The inhibitors differentially affected [14C]proline active transport, and whereas some drugs inhibited transformation, the effects did not correlate with the effects on transport. The most potent inhibitors of transformation were nigericin, dicyclocarbodiimide, and tetraphenylboron sodium. Carbonylcyanid-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, and valinomycin were relatively inactive. Tetraphenylboron sodium- and nigericin-treated cells bound were plasmid [14C]DNA in the deoxyribonuclease-resistant form than the control and other sample cells. Nevertheless, te penetration of exogenous plasmid DNA into the cell was greatly reduced, at least in case of nigericin. Unlike the other drugs, nigericin and dicyclocarbodiimide drastically affected the cell viability, the former within very short times of interaction. It is concluded that proton motive force does not play any significant role in DNA entry into Ca2+-treated E. coli cells. The results also suggest that adenosine 59-triphosphate is not required for DNA entry either. The inhibitory effect of certain drugs is discussed in terms of structural perturbations induced by the drugs in cell envelope membranes.