Recent Epidemiological Changes in Infectious Diseases

The ability of microorganisms to develop resistance against agents used to treat infections has resulted in a constant battle between man and microbe since the clinical introduction of antibiotics over 70 years ago. This article summarizes changes in resistance from the perspective of both microbial pathogens and classes of drugs over the past decade. Drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses are included in this overview. Significant changes have occurred in resistance profiles of some pathogens, particularly multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, and the effectiveness of certain antimicrobial agents, while little has changed for others. A combination of continued drug development and good stewardship of existing drugs is required to control morbidity and mortality and to try to keep ahead of microbial pathogens.