Consensus statementAdvanced Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and treatment. Part IIEnfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Características clínicas y tratamiento. Parte II☆

Introduction Many patients who have had Parkinson's disease (PD) for several years will present severe motor fluctuations and dyskinesias which require more aggressive therapies. The different approaches which are now available include deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or medial globus pallidus, subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine, and intestinal infusion of levodopa–carbidopa.