Wind Field Deterministic Forecasting

Regional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are nowadays integrated at resolutions between 1 and 3 km. They are non-hydrostatic models, generally run with explicit deep convection. These models have achieved a significant improvement on high-impact weather simulation comparing with synoptic scale models. Modeling at these scales needs big computer resources. Wind simulations are very sensitive to different features of the model: space resolution, orography representation, surface physiography, and flux exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. Different formulations and parameterizations are followed to take into account all these topics depending on the stability and the surface properties. This chapter offers a snapshot of how HARMONIE-AROME model deals with these issues to derive a formulation for the 10 m wind.