Scrutiny of chain-length and N-terminal effects in α-helix folding: a molecular dynamics study on polyalanine peptides.

Protein folding remains an unsolved problem as main-chain, side-chain, and solvent interactions remain entangled and have been hard to resolve. Polyalanines are promising models to analyze protein folding initiation and propagation structurally as well as energetically. In the present work, the effect of chain-length and N-terminal residue stereochemistry in polyalanine peptides are investigated for their role in the nucleation of α-helical conformation. The end-protected polyalanine peptides, tetra-alanine, Ac-LAla4-NHMe (Ia) and Ac-DAla-LAla3-NHMe (Ib), hexa-alanine, Ac-LAla6-NHMe (IIa) and Ac-DAla-LAla5-NHMe (IIb), and octa-alanine, Ac-LAla8-NHMe (IIIa) and Ac-DAla-LAla7-NHMe (IIIb), are assessed as chain-length and stereochemical-structure perturbed models. The appreciable variations in the sampling of α-helical conformation, including a sampling of α-helix folds, due to the cooperative effect of chain-length and N-terminal residue stereochemistry have been noted. The electrostatics of α-helical confo...