Functional and flowcytometric analysis of buffalo cryopreserved spermatozoa: Comparison of different breeds and incubation times

Background: The purpose of this research was to compare the functional parameters of frozen-thawed Iranian Azari buffalo spermatozoa with imported semen samples of Italian Mediterranean buffalo after the thawing process and 4 hours of incubation. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of twenty-four ejaculates from four Iranian Azari buffalo bulls were collected. Semen samples were diluted in AndroMed extender at a concentration of 50 × 106 spermatozoa/ml. The diluted samples were filled in 0.5 ml straws and were frozen in a programmable freezer. For imported semen samples, twenty-four samples of four Italian Mediterranean buffalo were used, which were diluted in AndroMed extender and frozen by the same procedure. Frozen-thawed sperm motion patterns, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis status were evaluated immediately after thawing and 4 hours of incubation. Results: Post-thawed sperm motility, progressive motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity were significantly higher in imported semen samples compared to Iranian Azari buffalo after thawing. While after 4 hours of incubation, sperm velocity patterns were superior in Iranian Azari semen samples. Moreover, the percentage of sperm cells with un-damaged DNA was higher in Iranian semen samples compared to imported samples at the time 0 of incubation. Following 4 hours of incubation, a significant increase in intracellular ROS level leads to reduced membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and DNA integrity in both buffalo breeds. At time 4, Iranian samples showed significantly lower apoptosis and higher dead spermatozoa compared to imported semen samples. Conclusion: Our study showed that the post-thawed quality of Iranian Azari buffalo semen was comparable with imported samples after 4 hours of incubation. Further investigations are recommended to assess the in vitro and in vivo fertility rate of both buffalo breeds.