Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Using Cross-Linked Polyphosphazene Nanospheres Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles

A rational combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) could achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect to enhance therapeutic efficacy in the cancer treatment. Herein, polyphosphazene nanospheres as a novel kind of photosensitizer carriers were synthesized by anchoring and isolating photosensitizing porphyrin monomers covalently in the cross-linked structure. Gold nanoparticles were then immobilized on the surface of the nanospheres to introduce the photothermal performance. The hybrid system was eventually conjugated by polyethylene glycol to decrease its cytotoxicity. The morphology analysis showed that the nanospheres were covered by homogeneously dispersed gold nanoparticles. In this way, the resulted system could afford efficient photodynamic and photothermal effect simultaneously, as confirmed by the cancer cell killing studies. The cell experiments demonstrated that the as-prepared polyphosphazene nanospheres with inherent fluorescence could be internalized by HeLa cells...