Emissão de CO2 e crescimento econômico na Amazônia: a curva ambiental de Kuznets usando um modelo dinâmico de painel de dados.

2019 
Resumo: Encontrar o caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentavel e um dos principais desafios da atualidade. Avaliar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do crescimento economico e fundamental para o planejamento de politicas publicas voltadas para a promocao do desenvolvimento sustentavel. Este trabalho avaliou a relacao entre crescimento economico e degradacao ambiental, tendo como indicador a emissao de CO2, para a Amazonia brasileira no periodo de 1990 a 2014, utilizando um multivariado GMM panel data model para avaliar a hipotese de existencia da Curva de Kuznets Ambiental. Os resultados indicaram uma Curva de Kuznets Ambiental em formato de ?N?. Ainda, observou-se a importância de acoes do governo para a reducao das emissoes de CO2 na Amazonia, como o PPCDAM implementado em 2005 e a necessidade de fomentar inovacoes tecnologicas adaptadas as especificidades da Amazonia e conectadas as necessidades da populacao como estrategias para reverter o crescimento do desmatamento observado nos ultimos anos. | Abstract: Currently, one of the main global challenges is achieving sustainable development. Assessing environmental impacts resulting from economic growth is central for planning or reframing public policies aiming at promoting sustainable development. This study evaluated the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation using CO2 emissions from the agricultural sector in the Brazilian Amazon from 1990 to 2014 as environmental indicator and states GDP per capita as economic performance indicator. By using a multivariate Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel data model, the paper aims at evaluating the hypothesis of the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for the Brazilian Amazon. The results indicate an N-shaped EKC and the importance of government policy actions to reduce CO2 emission in the Amazon (e.g. the after-effects of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) implemented in 2005). In conclusion, the results confirm the need for governmental policy actions to promote technological innovations adapted to the environmental and socio-economic specificities of the Amazon. The main goals of these policies should be to ensure the food security of traditional family farmers, improve the income and wellbeing of the population, and reverse the rise of deforestation over the past few years.
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