Hydrothermal Mineral Assemblages at 71° N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (First Results)

The article discusses the preliminary results of plume and bottom sediment studies of the Trollveggen hydrothermal vent field based on data from cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The hydrothermal vent field is located east of the axial zone of the slow-spreading Mohn Ridge near the Jan Mayen hotspot at a depth of about 550 m (71°18′ N, Norwegian–Greenland Basin). The hydrothermal vent field plume was characterized by a weak distribution in the water column; temperature, density, and salinity anomalies; a moderate methane concentration; and a low concentration of suspended particulate matter near the bottom. The enrichment of bottom sediments in barium, strontium, and some sulfide-forming elements (zinc, lead, copper, and molybdenum) was shown. Two mineral assemblages of hydrothermally modified bottom sediments were revealed: pyrite and barite–marcasite. The temperature of hydrothermal fluids was established by thermal and cryometric studies of gas–liquid fluid inclusions in barite (128–260°С); the FeS–ZnS equilibrium diagram of sulfide minerals was also used (130–290°С). Our data were close to direct fluid temperature measurement data [28]. We compared the hydrothermal mineralization of the Trollveggen vent field and earlier studied fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge located near the Azores hotspot. As a result, we confirmed the influence of ocean depth and PT conditions on the formation of hydrothermal deposits.