Primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma involving the mitral valve

: Primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma is rare and its extension to the mitral valve even rarer. We report a case of left atrial rhabdomyosarcoma involving the mitral valve. The patient was a 62-year-old man who complained of recurrent pre-syncopal episodes, dyspnoea often sudden in onset, asthenia and major weight loss (10 kg in one month). 2-D echocardiography revealed a 4.9 cm2 wide mass attached to the atrial side of the anterior mitral leaflet and to the adjacent inferior interatrial septum, where it seemed to have origin. CT scan and scintigraphy revealed bone, kidney and spleen metastases. The patient underwent emergency cardiac surgery because of increasing pre-syncopal and dyspnoeic episodes due to obstruction by the intracardiac mass. At surgery a tumor was found infiltrating the left atrial wall, the interatrial septum, the mitral anulus and the anterior mitral leaflet up to its tip. Invasion of mitral anulus did not allow mitral valve replacement, so that an excision of the intracardiac mass was performed as extensively as possible. Histology revealed a rhabdomyosarcoma. A post-operative chemotherapy cycle had to be stopped due to onset of atrial fibrillation and dyspnoea. 2-D echo monitoring revealed rapid new growth of the tumor across the basal portion of mitral valve leaflet to the atrioventricular orifice. After several episodes of increasing dyspnoea, the patient had a pulmonary oedema and died.