Characterization and Concept Validation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Automotive Applications by Load Spectrum Analysis

The design of a lithium-ion battery with the aim to meet given system requirements and to consider aspects of cell aging is complex as the correlation between system configuration and the resulting load on cell level is non-trivial. This paper proposes load spectrum analysis as an effective method for characterization and concept validation. Within the framework of this paper, the suitability of the WLTP Class 3 reference cycle for aging characterization is disproven. The effect of different cooling concepts and cell-to-cell variation within a battery system are evaluated with regard to lithium-ion cell aging and maximum cell and system load.