Temporomandibular joint and orthodontics –A contemporary review

The Temporomandibular joint is an atypical synovial joint that is dynamic in structure. A delicate balance between the musculature, the condylar cartilage and the bony structures is maintained for harmonious functioning of the joint. Over the years the role of occlusion in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been extensively debated, leading to many opinions and much controversy. The changes in the joint caused in response to orthodontic therapy as well the adverse reactions caused have been studied. The present article is a review on the effects of Orthodontic appliance therapy on the joint and the present modalities opted to treat the joint disorders. Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint, Orthodontics, Functional appliances, Twin Block, TMD, Growth, Cartilage.