Information and communication technologies for strengthening extension services to reach the last mile in India

Abstract Farmers work under challenging situations of crop failure due to unpredictable weather, poor access to quality inputs, lack of knowledge of modern technologies, etc. Many of the problems can be resolved if farmers are supported by timely information service network which proactively articulate their daily problems. The predominant source of information to farmers in India is through the extension services supported by traditional form of information and communication technologies (ICT) like television, radio, newspapers, etc. With increasing globalization and commercialization, and climate changes resulting from global warming have all led to a change in farmers’ need for new technology and knowledge. Consequently, extension services have to be fine-tuned to meet the changing requirements. In recent years, with mobile revolution and increased tele-density especially in rural areas, and as a result mobile-based agro-advisory models have proven to be a successful way for delivering information. This can complement the role of existing extension services and help to improve the penetration of extension to the last mile. This paper will help suggest a way forward in terms of design and implementation of ICT initiatives to ensure that they meet farmers’ expectations and needs so that the risk can be managed better. In this background, this chapter highlights the evolution of various existing ICT models in India. It presents the case study of IKSL (Indian Farmers Fertilizers Co-operative [IFFCO] Kisan Sanchar Limited) model and how it was integrated with CIMMYT model. The chapter also presents in detail the lessons learnt, constraints and challenges faced, and way forward to handle these challenges and constraints.