Evaluating and treating neurobehavioral symptoms in professional American football players: Lessons from a case seriesAuthors Respond:

I read with interest the Gardner et al.1 study on retired professional American football players. Their study highlights the complexity of diagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) with certainty in this patient population. Though seemingly homogenous, this group of retired professional American football players are heterogeneous with respect to number of games played; number of documented and undocumented concussive and subconcussive injuries; presence or absence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking history; baseline cognitive reserve; presence or absence of depression and anxiety disorder; lifestyle …