Recent advances and applications of solar photovoltaics and thermal technologies

Abstract This article discusses the functionalities and developments of different types of solar panels. It explains the latest technological advances in this field, especially in the context of different types of solar panels, namely, photovoltaic (also known as PV), thermal collectors, photovoltaic-thermal (known as PV/T) panels and concentrating solar panels. Specifically, the paper examines how each of the technologies analysed operates to produce heat and electrical power, how to improve the energy efficiency and which technology provides the best system efficiencies and fastest return on investment. Finally, it also assesses the extent to which the exploitation of renewable energy sources and incentives to achieve energy efficiency is supported by the European regulatory framework and policies.