New OLI advantages in digital globalization

Abstract Digitization and globalization have converged to create a new normal of digital globalization, fortifying deeper, broader, and more intricate connections between nations, businesses, and individuals. This connectivity has redefined who participates in globalization and how international expansion unfolds. This new reality raises a series of complex issues that challenge existing IB theories and conclusions. I submit a new lens toward internationalization advantages for multinationals: new O (open resource advantage), L (linkage advantage), and I (integration advantage). While these new OLI advantages are complementary and coupled with traditional OLI (ownership, location, and internalization) advantages, digital globalization slackens conventional OLI benefits and solidifies the new ones. This article offers insights into how multinationals leverage new OLI advantages and manage global business with digital connectivity in order to improve speed, flexibility, orchestration, and efficiency for both interfirm and intrafirm activities.