Convection in Cylindrical Cavities

The thermal convection in a viscous fluid heated from below, which provides a classical example of the pattern formation in a nonequilibrium system, is a subject of several monographs [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. In contrast to the cited books, we focus on the specific features of large-scale convective motions produced by long-wavelength instabilities of the conductive state. There are two main physical origins of convection instabilities: the buoyancy force due to an inhomogeneous density distribution in a gravity field (buoyancy or Rayleigh convection) and the thermocapillary effect caused by the dependence of the surface tension on temperature (surface tension driven or Marangoni convection).