In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Dichloromethane Extract of Prismatomeris glabra in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer cases worldwide contributing 15% of fatality of all cancer deaths altogether. The discovery of natural product able to act as an anti-cancer agent has led to the opportunity to kill cancer cells with fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy. Prismatomeris glabra (P.glabra) is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia, used to treat various human disease and might contain anti-cancer properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of P.glabra on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Dichloromethane extraction method was used to extract the crude of P.glabra roots and leaves. Cytotoxicity of P.glabra on MCF-7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay treated with various concentrations of extract to determine the IC50 with the concentration of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.2, and 15.6 µg/mL for a treatment time of 24, 48 and 72 hours in 37°C CO2 incubator. The most significant cytotoxic effect of P.glabra in MCF-7 cells was a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 64.5±2.1µg/mL treated with the leaves of P.glabra extract at 72 hours treatment time. P.glabra showed in vitro cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cells with dose- and time-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT assay. The leaves extract of P.glabra can induce apoptosis and act as an alternative to anti-cancer treatment. Further analysis on gene expression is recommended to elucidate the functionality of cytotoxicity effect.     Keywords: MCF-7, breast cancer, cytotoxicity, MTT assay, Prismatomeris glabra, Ajisamat