Nanotechnology in Orthodontics–1: The Past, Present, and a Perspective of the Future

Abstract Nanotechnology continues to influence new developments within numerous engineering and medical disciplines and its adaptation into the future advancements of orthodontics has already begun. For example, nanoindentation studies with atomic force microscope are being utilized to effectively image and analyze the surface properties and changes taking place on orthodontic wires and brackets during treatment at the nanoscale dimension. Nanoparticle coatings on orthodontic archwires have been evaluated to reduce friction and, if further developed, could influence the speed and/or efficiency of tooth movement. In other research, orthodontic adhesives with nanoparticles have been shown to have improved material characteristics over the conventional adhesives. While some initial studies have evaluated the use of fluoride delivery via orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, additional studies on nanoparticle delivery of anticariogenic, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial medicaments using orthodontic elastomeric ligatures could provide valuable innovations in the field of orthodontics. This chapter discusses recent studies over the past decade on applications of nanoparticles, nanoscale imaging techniques, and their applications in orthodontics. Future directions on research about shape-memory polymers for orthodontic wires, biological microelectromechanical systems/nanoelectromechanical systems, temporary anchorage devices, and nanorobots for orthodontic applications are discussed.