UrbanSim: Training Adaptable Leaders in the Art of Battle Command

UrbanSim is a game-based learning solution that is designed to train leaders in the execution of the “Art of Battle Command” in complex environments where counterinsurgency (COIN) and stability operations predominate. The UrbanSim experience is divided into three components: a two-hour, self-paced, instruction module that provides students with basic knowledge on the doctrinal principles of COIN and Stability Operations, a game-based practice environment, and an instructor-led After-Action-Review. Built initially to train new battalion commanders attending the U.S. Army School for Command Preparation at Ft. Leavenworth, KS, the UrbanSim Learning Environment has been used to effectively train Soldiers in multiple institutional and operational unit settings. The trainees range in rank from Private (E-1) to Lieutenant Colonel (O-5). The success achieved with the UrbanSim project is attributable to three key factors. First, the tools were developed using proven instructional design principles. Second, the technologies were created using a spiral development process in close collaboration with trainers. Third, the components of the UrbanSim Learning Environment have been employed by trainers experienced in using game-based tools to effectively achieve specific training objectives. This paper describes the UrbanSim Learning Environment. It describes how UrbanSim was designed and developed employing key design principles and lessons learned from previous efforts at creating effective, game-based training tools. It also describes multiple examples of how UrbanSim has been used to effectively train Lieutenant Colonels at the battalion commanders’ Pre-Command Course, Majors at the Command and General Staff College, Army Captains at the Maneuver Captains’ Career Course (CCC) and at the Military Police CCC, and commanders, staff, and Soldiers assigned to operational battalions in the Army. The paper concludes with a discussion of how and why UrbanSim has been so successful in training Soldiers across such a wide spectrum, and how developers of future training systems could benefit from the UrbanSim experience.