Rat Liver Subcellular Folate Distribution Shows Association of Formyltetrahydropteroylpentaglutamates with Mitochondria and Methyltetrahydropteroylhexaglutamates with Cytoplasm

The ternary complex method for the determination of folylpolyglutamates was combined with procedures for interconverting folate derivatives to measure 28 different folate derivatives in the subcellular fractions of rat liver. Folates in the homogenate showed a typical distribution with nearly equal quantities of penta- and hexaglutamates and pteridine derivatives in decreasing order as follows : 1) methyl substituted folates [5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamates], 2) unsubstituted folates [tetrahydropteroylglutamates + 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamates], 3) formyl substituted folates [5-formyltetrahydropteroylglutamates + 10-formyltetrahydropteroylglutamates + 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydropteroylglutamates], and 4) oxidized folates [di-hydropteroylglutamates]. In the homogenate the methyl substituted folates exhibited a higher hexa :pentaglutamate ratio than did the other pteridine derivatives. As the fractionation proceeded toward purer subcellular components, the methyl substituted folates were found almost exclusively in the soluble fraction, and this fraction also contained the higher hexa :pentaglutamate ratio characteristic of the methyl substituted folates. The plasma membrane, the microsomal and the nuclear fractions did not contain appreciable folate. The mitochondrial fraction contained primarily formyl substituted and unsubstituted folates, and these folates exhibited the lower hexa :pentaglutamate ratios. These data support the hypothesis that folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism is compartmentalized in the eukaryotic cell. J. Nutr. 125 : 2096-2103, 1995.