Techno-economic evaluation of electric vehicles as flexible load for providing grid services

System operators use grid services to ensure grid stability and security. In liberalized energy markets, these services are made available through market tenders. Flexible generation and load representing a major part of these grid services. This paper presents the development of a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) based methodology and the evaluation undertaken during the field trial for the project sMobiliTy. The KPIs are developed and benchmarked by deriving generalized requirements through a wide range of grid services in multiple networks. The approach is used to assess and quantify the suitability of electric vehicle pools with respect to technical and market tendering requirements as well as network connection requirements for distributed devices.