The morphological and clinical relevance of mandibular and maxillary bone structures for implantation
2006
Tooth loss, which interrupts the biocybernetic feedback circuit of the masticatory
system, changes the structures of the jaw bone: such changes are termed
"inactivity atrophy". The mandible is subject to vertical atrophy and the maxilla is
primarily subject to horizontal atrophy. The mandible possesses more compact
bone, the maxilla more spongy; the resorption directions also differ (mandible:
towards the oral aspect; maxilla: towards the vestibular). An implant helps to
restore the biocybernetic feedback system. The amount of available bone, bone
structure, and topographic conditions are crucial factors influencing implant
success. Osseointegration is performed at an early stage (which includes bleeding,
granulation tissue, foreign-body recognition, interactions) and at a late stage
(so-called osseous bridging, development of fibrous and lamellar bone).
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