Optimization of factors of managing productive processes of winter wheat in the Forest-steppe

Aim. To study the impact of complex preparations, containing humic, fulvic and ulmic acids in combination with herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers, on winter wheat yield. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. The impact of herbicides with different active substances and their mixtures with humic preparations Humifi eld and Foliar concentrate on weed infestation and productivity of Kryzhynka winter variety was investigated. It was determined that the application of herbicide Prima (400 g/ha) and the mixture of preparations Triger (25 g/ha) + Tomigan (0.5 l/ha) in combination with humic preparation Humifi eld in the dose of 200 g/ha had practically no impact on the crop productivity. A considerable increase in the yield, for instance, by 15.6–20.3 %, was observed in case of spraying the fi elds with the same preparation forms of herbicides in the tank mixture with humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The application of humates in combination with nitrogen fertilizers with the purpose of optimizing the nutrition system for winter wheat via their introduction superfi cially and by spraying the leaf-stem mass of plants was studied. It was demonstrated that the application of the growth regulator 5R SoilBoost in the amount of 11 kg/ha in the mixture with 200 kg/ha of ammonia nitrate led to the increase of productivity for Smuhlianka and Slavna varieties by 11.2 and 8.5 % respectively, and double foliar application of 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in the mixture with ammonia nitrate – by 15.5 %. The maximal increase in productivity by 20–23 % was obtained after combined application of humic stimulators 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) on the background of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha of physical weight). The effi ciency of foliar fertilization for wheat fi elds of Kubus and Mulan varieties using the mixtures of humates and carbamide-ammonia mixture in different phases of crop development was analyzed. The application of such combinations also promoted the productivity increase by 10.0–21.4 %. Conclusions. The increase in productivity of Kryzhynka winter wheat variety by 0.64–0.84 t/ha was determined after spraying crop fi elds with the tank mixture of herbicides and humic stimulator 4R Foliar concentrate in the dose of 2.0 kg/ha. The effi ciency of optimizing the nutrition system of plants via separate or combined application of humic preparations, in particular, granulated 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha), superfi cially, and 4R Foliar concentrate (2 kg/ha+2 kg/ ha) in case of foliar fertilization for fi elds in different phases of crop development on the background of early spring introduction of ammonia nitrate (200 kg/ha) to frozen-thawed soil was proven. The increase in wheat productivity was observed in all variants of applying these mixtures. However, the maximal increase in the winter wheat yield was obtained due to the fertilization technology, envisaging the use of humates 5R SoilBoost and 4R Foliar concentrate on the background of ammonia nitrate. There was a noted increase in grain productivity of winter wheat varieties Kubus and Mulan by 0.50–0.94 and 0.41–1.08 t/ha respectively in case of superfi cial introduction of humic preparation 5R SoilBoost (11 kg/ha) and foliar fertilization of wheat fi elds with 4R Foliar concentrate (2+2 kg/ha) in combination with carbamide-ammonia mixture (200 + 100 kg/ha).