Biodegradation of a monochlorotriazine dye, cibacron brilliant red 3B-A in solid state fermentation by wood-rot fungal consortium, Xylaria polymorpha and Daldinia concentrica: Co-biomass decolorization of cibacron brilliant red 3B-A dye

Abstract Efficient decolorization of cibracron brilliant red 3B-A dye by novel white rot fungal consortium was studied in static and shaking conditions using solid state fermentation technology. Daldinia concentrica (DC) and Xylaria polymorpha (XP) consortium showed dye removal efficiency than the individual strains within 5 days. The enzymes analysis revealed significant inductions in laccase (84%), lignin peroxidase (78%) and manganese peroxidase (65%) by the fungal co-culture (DC + XP), Xylaria polymorpha (XP) and Daldinia concentrica (DC) respectively. Enhanced decolorization was recorded when the medium was supplemented with glucose and ammonium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The GCMS and HPLC analysis of metabolites suggests the different fates of biodegradation of cibracron brilliant red 3B-A dye by DC, XP and DC + XP consortium. The isotherm and kinetic studies revealed the goodness of fit of the experimental data when subjected to Freundlich and pseudo-second order models respectively. Phytotoxicity studies revealed that the biodegradation of the cibracron brilliant red 3B-A dye by the DC + XP consortium and individual strains has also led to the detoxification of the pollutant. This study revealed the effectiveness of white rot fungi in the eco-friendly remediation of dye polluted environment.