Ultrazvučna ekstrakcija farmaceutika iz aktivnog mulja

Pharmaceuticals are chemical substances used in the treatment and prevention of human and animals diseases. They are called a “new pollutants” because there still are not defined a regulatory legal doses for releasing treated wastewater into the environment and they are still insufficiently studied. However, today is achieved higher awareness about possible negative impacts pharmaceuticals to the entire living world and the more and more researches of scientists are focused on discovering their behavior in water, soil and sediment. In order to avoid unintended consequences, constant supervision and regulation of the maximum legal residue levels pharmaceuticals in environment is required since they show a high tendency to retain in solid natural matrices. The pharmaceuticals used in this paper are: antibiotics (azitromycine, eritromycine, cefdinir, chlaritromycine, nitrofurantoin), antihelminitics (albendazole, febantel, praziquantel), antiemetic (metoclopramide) and chemoterapeutic agent (hydroxychloroquine). In this paper behavior of pharmaceuticals in various pure organic solvents is studied, as well as in two-component solvent systems. The ultrasonic extraction method is used, as a cheap and highly available method. Separation and qualitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and utilization of pharmaceuticals in the extracts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD). The yield of more than 50 % was achieved in only four cases, for metoclopramide in ethanol and ethanol and for hydroxylchlorocin in ethanol and a two-component ethanol: hexane system. For this reason, some other extraction methods should be used to reduce the impact of the sample nut, thus increasing the utilization of extraction of active pharmaceutical sludge.