Caracterización enzimática de enmiendas orgánicas
2014
En la region andina se incorporan altas cantidades de enmiendas organicas al suelo, especialmente estiercoles de caprino y vacuno, gallinaza y vermicompost. En esta investigacion se caracterizaron, desde el punto de vista enzimatico, algunas de las enmiendas organicas mas usadas en la zona Andina, Venezuela y el pais en general a saber: cachaza, gallinaza, estiercol de vacuno y caprino, lodo de una planta depuradora de aguas servidas y vermicompost. Se uso la caracterizacion enzimatica como un indice del grado de madurez de estas enmiendas y por tanto su factibilidad de uso en suelos. Las gallinazas y cachaza son muestras comerciales, los vermicompost usados son materiales que emplean diferentes sustratos, el lodo elegido fue de una planta depuradora y los estiercoles de vacuno y caprino de unidades de produccion en la region. Los resultados indican que los vermicompost ULA y Zea son las enmiendas mas estables y maduras mientras que las gallinazas Merida y Lara y el lodo aun se encuentran en proceso de estabilizacion. Palabras clave: actividad enzimatica; ureasa; fosfatasa; deshidrogenasa; estabilidad; enmiendas organicas; compost. Abstract In the Andean region high concentrations of organic amendments obtained from manure are incorporated into the soil, such as goat, cattle and chicken manure, and also from vermicompost. In this investigation, we determined enzymatic activities on some organic amendments most used at Andes in Venezuela, such as: cachaza compost, goat, cattle, and poultry manure, sewage sludge and vermicomposts, in order to evaluate their degree maturity, with the idea to use them as amendments in soils. Poultry manure and cachaza used are commercial products; vermicomposts were obtained from different substrates; sewage sludge was chosen from and the goat and cattle manures were directly collected from field units in the region. The results indicate that the vermicomposts from ULA and Zea are the most stables and mature amendments, whereas the poultry manure from Merida and Lara and also the sludge did not reached the final stabilization process. Key words: enzymatic activity; urease; phosphatase; dehydrogenase; stability; organic amendments; compost.
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