The New Blue Islands: Azorean Immigration, Settlement, and Cultural Landscapes in California's San Joaquin Valley

We examine the settlement patterns, immigrant networks, and cultural landscapes of one of the most unique migrations in California, Azoreans who relocated to the San Joaquin Valley. Like many settler groups, Azoreans that moved to California brought along customs and traditions associated with their homeland and adapted these practices to new environments. Azoreans were first drawn to California by the whaling industry and the Gold Rush, but soon settled in California’s San Joaquin Valley to engage in agriculture. During the early twentieth century, the rural communities of the San Joaquin Valley emerged as important destinations for subsequent waves of Azorean immigrants. Today, the San Joaquin Valley supports a vibrant Cal-Azorean landscape. Moreover, frequent travel between valley communities and the Azores connects immigrants to family and community in the homeland. This transnational connection maintains ethno-heritage ties and immigrant networks that continue to shape the cultural landscapes of both California and the Azores.