Hot surface pre-ignition in direct injection spark ignition engines investigations with tailor-made fuels from biomass

Two promising alternative fuel candidates for spark-ignition engines, 2-butanone and 2-methylfuran, have been identified in the context of the Cluster for Excellence ‘Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass’. To further explore the potential of these fuels for spark-ignition engine application, experimental and numerical investigations into the occurrence of the abnormal combustion phenomenon of hot surface–induced pre-ignition have been conducted, with pure ethanol, RON97 E10, and pure iso-octane as reference fuels. For the experimental investigations, a single-cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 11, equipped with a glow-plug to create a hot spot in the cylinder, was operated at 1500 r/min and 1500 mbar charge pressure. Each fuel was tested with several glow-plug temperatures until a minimum pre-ignition frequency of 2% was observed. The results show that 2-methylfuran reaches its 2% pre-ignition frequency at a glow-plug temperature of 880 °C, which is 16 °C higher than the 2% pre-ignition frequency of et...