Detection of 1,N2-propano-2′-deoxyguanosine in human urine by stable isotope dilution UHPLC–MS/MS analysis ☆

Abstract A sensitive and accurate stable isotope dilution UHPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the detection and quantification of ProdG adducts in human urine, a surrogate for the ProdG adducts in genomic DNA of human. A specific solid phase extraction (SPE) approach was established for selective enrichment of urinary ProdG adducts and elimination of urinary matrix facilitating the coupled MS/MS detection. The recovery of the method is estimated about 84.8–107.2%, and the precision are about 0.8–3.6% for intraday and 2.8–10.0% for interday. Due to that the matrix effect is efficiently eliminated by SPE pretreatment, the limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) and quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) are decreased to 100 and 300 amol for urinary ProdG adducts, respectively. By coupling the developed SPE pretreatment with the UHPLC–MS/MS analysis, ProdG adducts were accurately quantified in healthy human urine.