Gender and Outcomes following Guided De-Escalation of Antiplatelet Treatment in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: The TROPICAL-ACS Gender Substudy

Objectives  This prespecified analysis of the TROPICAL-ACS trial aimed to assess the impact of gender on clinical outcomes and platelet reactivity (PR) following guided de-escalation of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Background  Guided de-escalation of DAPT was recently identified as an effective alternative treatment strategy in ACS. Methods  We used Cox proportional hazards models and linear regression analysis to assess the interaction of gender with clinical endpoints and PR. Results  In both male ( n  = 2,052) and female ( n  = 558) patients, the 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint did not differ in guided de-escalation versus control group patients (male: 7.0% vs. 9.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.06, p  = 0.11; female: 8.4% vs. 9.2%; HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.53–1.62, p  = 0.76, p int  = 0.60). The 1-year incidence of combined ischemic events (male: 2.5% vs. 3.3%; HR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.46–1.26, p  = 0.29; female: 2.2% vs. 2.8%; HR, 0.78,95% CI, 0.27–2.25, p  = 0.65, p int  = 0.96) as well as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥ 2 bleeding (male: 4.6% vs. 6.0%; HR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.52–1.12, p  = 0.17; female: 6.2% vs. 6.4%; HR, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.51–1.92, p  = 0.97, p int  = 0.51) was similar in the guided de-escalation versus control group for both male and female patients. Interaction testing revealed no significant impact of gender on PR levels (prasugrel or clopidogrel) across treatment groups ( p int  = 0.72). Conclusion  Guided de-escalation of DAPT appears to be equally safe and effective in women and men. Especially in patients with increased bleeding risk and independent from gender, a guided DAPT de-escalation strategy may be used as an alternative treatment strategy. Clinical Trial Registration  URL: https//www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique Identifier: NCT: 01959451.