Quorum sensing inhibitors: a patent review (2014–2018)

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent phenomenon in which specific pathways are activated after autoinducers (AIs) outside the microorganism reach a threshold concentration. QS creates a positive feedback loop that induces a cascade of gene expression and causes biofilm formation, virulence and sporulation. QS signals are diverse, acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL), AI peptide (AIP) and AI-2 are three major categories of QS signals. QS inhibitors (QSIs) can disrupt or prevent the formation of biofilm and reduce virulence while exerting less selective pressure on the bacteria, suggesting that QSIs are potential alternatives for antibiotics.Areas covered: This review summarized the pertinent patents on QS inhibition available from 2014 to 2018. The authors analyze these patents and provided an overview of them and their potential applications.Expert opinion: The main strategy for QS inhibition is to use the analogues of various QS signals to block downstream signal transducers. Th...