Treatment approaches for COVID-19: A critical review.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared as an emergency global public health concern on 30 January 2020. This novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was first identified in Wuhan city, China; which soon affected around 185 countries and territories all over the world through various transmission mechanisms. Having found no permanent cure to date, this pandemic threatens humanity for its very existence. Objective In the light of rising menace, this review aims at providing collective and prominent information on the current outbreak covering its origin, structure, transmission, clinical features, potential treatment approaches, and clinical trial details. Method Literature published in Scopus and PubMed indexed journals were reviewed and clinical trial data was retrieved from the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Results Present review puts forth detailed insights on history, epidemiology, structure, genetic makeup, reservoirs, entry mechanisms, reproduction capacity, pathogenesis, routes of transmission, clinical features, diagnostics, the role of chloroquine in treatment, current promising therapies, and vaccination trials. Conclusion At present, early detection, isolation of infected patients, and supportive care with a few recently USFDA approved alternative medications are being used as per the standard government guidelines. Due to insufficient proof available regarding current therapies to produce therapeutic activity against COVID-19, safety precautions, prevention methods, maintaining hygiene and management therapy with intensive care medicine is the only way to fight this current situation.