Contribution of Aspartic Proteases in Candida Virulence. Protease Inhibitors against Candida Infections.
2017
Candida species are the major opportunistic human pathogens
accounting for 70-90% of all invasive fungal infections. Candida spp,
especially C. albicans, are able to produce and secrete hydrolytic enzymes,
particularly aspartic proteases (Saps). These enzymes production is an
evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to utilize nutrients and survive in
host. Sap1-10 are believed to contribute to the adhesion and invasion of
host tissues through the degradation of cell surface structures. Aspartic
proteases control several steps in innate immune evasion and they degrade
proteins related to immunological defense (antibodies, complement and
cytokines), allowing the fungus to escape from the first line of host
defense. The existing ways to identify potential drug targets rely on
specific subset like virulence genes, transcriptional and stress response
factors. Candida virulence factors like Sap isoenzymes can be pivotal
targets for drug development. The identification of mechanism of a
non-canonical inflammasome exerted by Saps could open novel therapeutic
strategies to dampen hyperinflammatory response in candidiasis.
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