Intervención grupal psicoeducativa y de apoyo emocional en personal del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, posterior al sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017

OBJETIVOS: detectar las necesidades emocionales inmediatas del personal de salud del Instituto Nacional de Pediatria derivadas del sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017 y contribuir a reducir o controlar la afliccion, el sufrimiento, la tristeza y la ansiedad que aparecen como consecuencia del suceso traumatico. MATERIALES Y METODOS: estudio exploratorio, cualitativo y transversal, efectuado en trabajadores del Instituto Nacional de Pediatria mediante siete intervenciones grupales de diferentes areas del hospital con una duracion de 90 minutos en cinco fases descritas en el protocolo de intervencion grupal. Los datos se recolectaron en bitacoras escritas y se hizo un analisis cualitativo de frecuencias. RESULTADOS: participaron 169 trabajadores que expresaron recuerdos vividos visuales, auditivos, cinestesicos y sensoriales del momento del temblor, en los que percibieron una amenaza grave a su vida, con miedo y angustia. Refirieron conductas de perdida de control (propias y ajenas) e implementacion de medidas de precaucion. Dias posteriores al sismo tuvieron miedo anticipatorio, modificacion de habitos y propusieron algunas acciones de recuperacion. CONCLUSION: los datos cualitativos obtenidos invitan a dar seguimiento a los grupos de intervencion y tomar en cuenta las sugerencias de los distintos tipos de grupos porque es importante proporcionarle el apoyo al personal que labora en esta institucion para favorecer la homeostasis y, consecuentemente, el adecuado desempeno de sus labores. PALABRAS CLAVE: salud mental; desastres naturales; terremoto; estres agudo; intervencion en crisis; sistema de soporte psicosocial; educacion para la salud. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To detect immediate emotional needs in Instituto Nacional de Pediatria health personnel derived from the September 19th, 2017 earthquake, and contribute to reduce or control affliction, suffering, sadness and anxiety that appeared as a consequence of this traumatic event, and identify those in need of specialized intervention and refer them to corresponding services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an exploratory, qualitative and cross sectional study, in which seven group interventions were performed in different hospital services. The group intervention was held in 90 minutes, trough five stages described in the protocol. Data collection was done by means of written reports and a frequency qualitative analysis was made. RESULTS: Participants expressed having vivid visual, auditive, kinestesic and sensorial memories about the earthquake, having perceived a serious threat to their lives; they also experienced fear and anxiety. They reported loss of control behaviors in themsel ves and in others, and the implementation of preventive measures. Some days after the earthquake they showed anticipatory fear, habits changes, and proposed some recovery actions. CONCLUSION: Participants expressed having memories about imminent threat. Qualitative data obtained in this study invite to follow-up the intervention groups, and to consider the different groups suggestions, as it is important to offer emotional support to people working in this Institution, to enhance homeostasis, and thus the optimal performance in their service. KEY WORDS: Mental Health; natural disasters; earthquake; acute stress; crisis intervention; psychological support system; health education.