Current capabilities for finite element analysis of tunnel construction

Nowadays, the availability of powerful desktop workstation and efficient finite element modelling software, which utilises three-dimensional real time graphics capability, enables a real-world complex problem to be simulated. This paper reviews the current capabilities provided by finite element graphics and analysis' software for modelling the construction and structural life of tunnels. Examples in the estimation of surface deformation due to tunnelling and the analysis of the tunnel support system using finite element computation are discussed.