Using a zero-magnetization ferromagnet as the pinning layer in exchange-bias systems

Exchange-coupled systems refer to heterostructures com-bining different magnetic materials that are coupled by ex-change interactions in the regions where they are in contact.Such heterostructures can be magnetic clusters embedded ina magnetic matrix, mutilayers, and superlattices, or moresimply a bilayer system. Exchange-coupled systems are ofparticular interest because they permit designing specific ma-terials with tailored magnetic properties, such as coercivity,