Orthodontic Abnormalities of Upper Jaw as a Cause of Maxillary Sinus Problems

Orthodontics is the area of dentistry related to the supervision, guidance, and correction of the growing and mature dentofacial components. Orthodontics includes the situations that necessitate the mobilization of teeth or correction of malrelationships and malformations of associated components by adjusting the interactions between and among teeth and facial bones by applying forces and/or by simulating and redirecting the functional forces within the craniofacial complex. The goal of modern orthodontics can be summarized as the production of the ideal occlusal relations within the framework of appropriate facial esthetics and stability of the occlusal results. Orthodontic treatment depends on the rule that, if prolonged pressure is applied to a tooth, tooth movement occurs as the bone around the tooth remodels. Growth of the human face is a multidimensional and dynamic continuum. For comprehensive analysis of craniofacial growth, changes are monitored in all three planes of space, that is, transverse, sagittal, and vertical. Each plane provides distinctive information on the extent and direction of growth status, eventually helping in the overall treatment planning. Transverse growth changes shed light on dentofacial asymmetries, expanded or constricted jaws, and dental crossbites. The sagittal or antero-posterior (AP) dimension gives a lot of information on facial profile, arch length discrepancies, and excessive or inadequate overjets. Vertical growth patterns enable visualization of official proportions, deep bites, and open bites.