Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial And Antitumor Potential Of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis

Phytochemicals are organic in nature and produced by almost all types of organisms and play important roles in everyday life and medicine, they can be act as a strong poison or intoxicating one and painkiller. Important bioactive phytochemical constituents are alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoid, saponins, phenolic compounds that are the foundations of modern prescription drugs. In this study phytochemicals from Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. were extracted for qualitative analysis and also for determining their antimicrobial and antitumor potential was determined. Disc diffusion method as used for determining the antimicrobial potential while potato disc bioassay was used for determining antitumor potential of both chloroform and ethanol flower extract. After qualitative phytochemical analysis of both crude extracts it was found that the phytochemicals present in chloroform extract were alkaloids, betacyanins, tannins, and quinones in nature while in ethanol extract only alkaloids and betacyanins were found that provided insights to the potential of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of the colonies of bacteria were also observed for identification of bacterial strains. Chloroform extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. showed significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. than E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. While the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. has more significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus subtilis. But the ethanol extract showed no antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.While studying antitumor potential, it was observed that chloroform extract of Hibiscusrosa sinensis Linn. showed significant antitumor activity by inhibiting the growth of crown gall tumors. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. has more significant antitumor activity as it inhibited the formation of crown gall tumors with large percentage of inhibition.