Routing Protocol Based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks

More and more researchers are working on improving the sensor nodes' energy efficiency owing to rise in the number of Wireless Sensor Networks' applications in various fields like military, space, healthcare, climate and agriculture. Sensor nodes are deployed in harsh and unapproachable environments with uncertain external conditions. Due to these reasons, it is even more important to improve the energy efficiency and thereby, network lifetime of sensors. In these unpredictable conditions, Fuzzy Logic systems work very well in handling uncertainties in an efficient manner. An attempt is made to implement a joint optimal clustering and routing solution using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic as well as Bacterial Foraging Optimization. In our proposed work, we try to design and implement an efficient cluster head selection algorithm using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic system and then use BFO routing algorithm to find optimal path for sending aggregated data to the BS. Our proposed approach will address the issues related hot-spot problem in the network by reducing the over heads in the formation of cluster, and helps in reducing the consumption of energy thereby prolonging the Network Life Time. We compared the implemented solution with LEACH protocol and achieved better network life time, increased residual energy and lower packet delivery loss.