Onboard calibration device based on variable temperature blackbodies

The invention relates to an onboard calibration device based on variable temperature blackbodies, which is used for carrying out onboard radiant calibration on a spaceborne infrared camera. A low-temperature blackbody adopts a semiconductor refrigerator for refrigeration, and heat generated by the semiconductor refrigerator is radiated through radiation of a low-inertia and dynamic-balance fan-shaped swing arm. A high-temperature blackbody adopts an electrical heater for heating. Temperatures of the high-temperature blackbody and the low-temperature blackbody can be adjusted within a certain temperature range, and can be set according to needs. When onboard radiant calibration needs to be carried out on the infrared camera, a stepper motor sequentially switches the high-temperature blackbody and the low-temperature blackbody to the light path via the fan-shaped swing arm and switched out after calibration is over. The onboard calibration device adopts the low-temperature blackbody by using the semiconductor for refrigeration, thereby expanding the calibration temperature range. Temperatures of the high-temperature blackbody and the low-temperature blackbody are variable, proper temperatures of the high-temperature blackbody and the low-temperature blackbody can be set according to the temperature range of an observed scene, thereby improving the calibration precision.