Measurement of glutamate in dorsal root ganglion cell culture with integrated electrochemical biosensors

Here we describe the fabrication, testing, and improvement of glutamate sensors in direct contact with dorsal root ganglion cells for short-term tissue culture experiments. To establish the feasibility and utility of placing enzymatic glutamate sensors directly under cells in culture, we address the necessity of increasing sensor sensitivity, increasing sensor lifetime, minimizing disruption of cells in culture, and of the spatial resolution seen with sensors directly under cells based on these results.