Сравнительная характеристика иммунологических тестов для выявления туберкулезной инфекции. Возможность массового скрининга

Goal: to evaluate efficiency of various immunological tests (tuberculin tests, IGRA tests, skin tests containing proteins specific for M. tuberculosis – ESAT-6, CFP10) in the detection of tuberculous infection, their sensitivity, specificity and opportunities to be used for mass screening in children and adolescents. Materials. 122 Russian and foreign publications have been analyzed including reviews and meta-analyses. Results. The specificity of tuberculin testing is fairly low due mass BCG vaccination among children and adolescents, IGRA tests possess high specificity but can not be used for mass screening due to high costs, intravenous manipulations and need for the well-equipped laboratory. Skin tests with agents containing the same proteins as IGRA tests are highly specific, sensible and effective for mass screening. Detection rate of tuberculosis and post-tuberculous changes in children with positive reaction to these tests is significantly higher compared to those with positive reactions to Mantoux testing with 2 TU PPD-L.