Commercial Solar Cells With Graphene Oxide as the Passivation Film

The negative fixed charge density contributed by graphene oxide is estimated as high as 6 x 1012 cm−2. Graphene oxide is therefore a promising candidate for Si solar cell passivation. However, the high-temperature steps for manufacturing commercial Si solar cells would change the composition of graphene oxide. Therefore, graphene oxide cannot be directly adopted by commercial PERC manufacturers with the high-temperature firing step after the rear passivation step. To suppress the high-temperature degradation, we have deposited the graphene oxide on the rear surface of commercial IBC cells directly, and Voc, Jsc and efficiency of the cell all improved after 100 μL graphene oxide deposition. Graphene oxide can be adopted as the passivation material of commercial cells as long as the high-temperature process on graphene oxide can be suppressed.