A biomechanical study of the mechanical stress transmission of dental implants using finite element analysis. Review of literature. Part I

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a computerised investigative method that is capable of determining the mechanical stress arising in various objects and their environment as a result of forces effecting the system by using a mathematical model. The method is most often used for purposes of technical, engineering design, but is very useful for medical purposes-the static and functional investigation of the skeletal and motor system of the human body-as well. The transmission of mechanical stress between the implant and bone depends on a number of factors, and its description is quite complicated. A model has to be created to perform a FEA, the geometric data of the implant, the mechanical properties of the bone and the parameters of the bone-implant interface have to be determined, a so-called finite element network has to be created. Valuable data can be obtained by changing the individual elements of the system. The study of dental implants makes it possible to better investigate biomechanical conditions and thus the further perfection of implant methods. In the first part of the present two-part publication authors review the possibilities of use of the finite element analysis in examining the stress transmission of dental implants. In the second part of the publication their own studies will be presented.