Human Lacrimal Drainage System Reconstruction, Recanalization, and Regeneration

ABSTRACTPurpose: This review examines the broad contexts of the reconstructive and recanalization strategies of the human lacrimal drainage system.Materials and methods: A PubMed search was performed using individually and combination of the terms “lacrimal,” “reconstruction”, “recanalization,” “canaliculus,” “canalicular,” “stenosis,” “obstruction,” “block,” “drainage,” “disorder,” “disease,” “nasolacrimal duct (NLD),” “endoscopy,” “dacryoendoscopy,” “trauma,” “laceration,” “stents,” “repair,” “tubes,” “tear,” “eyelid,” “Sisler,” “trephine,” and “trephination”. Selections from these lists were the basis of examination of reconstruction and recanalization strategies of multiple lacrimal disorders and their outcomes.Results: The major focus areas of this review are obstructions of the canaliculi and the NLD, traumatic involvement of the lacrimal drainage and their reconstruction strategies, and dacryoendoscopy-guided recanalization of the NLDs. The review found evidence for lack of uniformity in accurately...