Investigation of the prevalence of CKD in 13,383 Chinese hospitalized adult patients

Abstract Background There is an increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. However, the exact incidence of CKD in China is still uncertain. In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively investigated the prevalence and distribution of CKD in Chinese hospitalized adult patients. Methods Totally 13,383 adult patients who were hospitalized at our hospital were included in this study. They included 6215 males and 7168 females. Patients' gender, age, blood pressure, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin, hemotocrit, urine protein, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were investigated. CKD was defined as eGFR  2 and/or proteinuria, GFR was estimated by using of the simplified MDRD equation. Results The prevalence rate of CKD was 14.82% in our group, which was respectively distributed from stage 1 to stage 5 at the following percentage, 3.33% (stage 1), 2.49% (stage 2), 7.07% (stage 3), 1.08% (stage 4) and 0.86% (stage 5). Elderly patients (age > 65 y) accounted for 53.07%, which had a higher CKD prevalence (29.47%) than middle and young-aged patients (9.49%). It was noted that 39.06% patients at stage 1–3 were undiagnosed with CKD during their hospitalization. The common etiology for CKD was hypertension (29.49%), diabetes (11.64%) and primary glomerulonephritis (4.39%). Hypertension, diabetes and ages were main associated factors for CKD. Conclusions CKD is a very common disease among the hospitalized patients in China. With the increasing of aging population, elderly people will be the highest risk group for CKD. More strategies have to be made for its early detection and prevention.