Connexin36 and pancreatic β-cell functions

AbstractMost cell types are functionally coupled by connexin (Cx) channels, i.e. exchange cytoplasmic ions and small metabolites through gap junction domains of their membrane. This form of direct cell-to-cell communication occurs in all existing animals, whatever their position in the phylogenetic scale, and up to humans. Pancreatic β-cells are no exception, and normally cross-talk with their neighbors via channels made of Cx36. These exchanges importantly contribute to coordinate and synchronize the function of individual cells within pancreatic islets, particularly in the context of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Compelling evidence now indicates that Cx36-mediated coupling, and/or the Cx36 protein per se, play significant regulatory roles in various β-cell functions, ranging from the biosynthesis, storage and release of insulin. Recent preliminary data further suggest that the protein may also be implicated in the balance of β-cell growth versus necrosis and apoptosis, and in the regulated express...